Shambles

Category : Article



Guidebooks to Manchester inform us that the black and white timber Shakespeare pub has an intriguing place in Manchester's history - but while the building itself dates back to 1656, it did not take up home in the city until centuries later. Somwhat mysteriously, the signage at the pub says that the pub started life as The Shambles pub in Chester in the 17th century, and that in 1928 it was dismantled, transported 40 miles to Manchester, and re-erected in its current location (together with resident ghost).

That seems a very unlikely tale and a little research reveals that the building was created in 1923 by W. Johnson and Sons and much of it is mock timber framing. However, some of the carvings and other ornamentations came from a building that was demolished in Chester and are probably 17th Century. The puzzle is - whereabouts in Chester was the building taken down in 1923 or shortly thereafter?

Chester did have its own "Shakespeare" pub, on Foregate Street, but there is nothing to suggest that this pub was moved to Manchester. It also had a "Shambles" but this appears to have gone long before the 1920's.

Moving a building
It is possible to "move" a building and with half-timbered structures it has been done quite often. One local examples was the translocation of Dutton Hall from near Chester to East Grinstead in Sussex. John A. Dewar had inherited the wealth of the whisky family in 1930, and one day some two years later Mrs. Dewar was in a London bookshop when she came across The Duttons of Dutton, an anonymously written account of the Cheshire family, published in 1901. So fascinated was she by the photographs of Dutton Hall which the book contained that the idea of buying the property and re-building it in Sussex came to mind. At this time Dutton Hall had been for many years a farmhouse and only the east side of the original quadrangle and the great hall remained of Sir Piers and Dame Julian’s house. The Dewars visited Cheshire and found that they could buy the Hall and take it away, provided that a new farmhouse was put up in its place. So it was agreed. Under the supervision of Mr. Wood, an expert from Bath, Dutton Hall was carefully taken to pieces, all the stones and beams were marked and numbered and moved to Sussex, and there re-erected by 1933.

There had been a similar proposal in 1866 to dismantle Stanley Palace on Watergate Street and rebuild it in America, fortunately the Earl of Derby bought the building to save it.

Other moves went ahead - Agecroft Hall is a Tudor manor house in a neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia, United States. The manor house was built in the late 15th century, and was originally located in the Irwell Valley at Agecroft, Pendlebury, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England, but by the 20th century it was unoccupied and in a state of disrepair. The manor house was dismantled, crated, transported across the Atlantic, and reconstructed. The project was completed during the spring of 1928.

In more recent times half-timbered buildings have been moved around Manchester. The Old Wellington Inn is now in "Shambles Square" but has been dismantled and moved 300 metres. However even cursory inspection reveals that "The Shakespeare" is mostly a 19th century example of "mock Tudor".

The Chester Butcher's Shambles
By the 1530s, hthe great hall at Chester Castle was in ruins, and between 1577 and 1582 it was almost completely rebuilt at a cost of £650 to house the shire court, the Castle having become the base for the County justices 1536. At this time the "parliament chamber", immediately south of the great hall, was reconditioned to accommodate the exchequer court. The Saxon Great Hall in the outer bailey stood roughly where the court buildings now stand. However, the Saxon hall was not demolished - in 1581, the city magistrates bought it "for six Cheshire cheeses", and moved it to the Market Square where it served as a granary, before being taken over by the city's butchers, to become the "flesh shambles". Shrubsole, writing in the annals of the Chester Archeoligical Society & Historic Society describes the transaction as follows:


 * "The citizens obtained from the Queen a grant of the Old Shire Hall it belonged to the county here the forces of the Earls of Chester, or the Sovereign in later times would have summoned to meet and find accommodation for their horse and foot soldiers it was used as a supplement to the resources of the castle. Finding themselves short of a market building the city authorities cast longing eyes at the old building which they considered no longer required for its original purpose. The Mayor opened a correspondence with Lord Burleigh on the subject as to a free grant of the same building as it was for the use of the citizens. The Treasury were not in the mood for to give but would sell for £40 . The Mayor in forwarding the money, with thanks to the Lord Treasurer, said that although the Corporation could not gratify his Lordship as they ought, yet they presumed to send half a dozen cheeses . It was erected in Northgate Street, opposite the Abbey Gate, and mainly used as a shambles by the butchers."

The shambles thereafter remained in Northgate Street, rehoused in 1695 in a new building, which by 1728 accommodated both city and country butchers, large numbers of the latter attending on Wednesdays and Fridays. In 1734 it was joined by the fish market, moved from the site of the medieval Fishboards in Watergate Street. We also hear of a possible shambles from the 1575 records which mention the "House of Correction":


 * "This year there was a collection made in the city and of some worshipful in the county for a stock to set the poor on work and a house of correction built under the city wall near unto the Northgate which house was removed out of the corn market and was first placed there by Mr Webster for the butchers of the city."

In a watercolour by Moses Griffiths (1747-1819), the "House of Correction" is placed on the northern bank of the canal - but this looks nothing likw the "old Saxon Hall". It is said that this was pulled down by the city's defenders during the Civil War siege, but was replaced in 1655–7 by a new house of correction on the same site. Initially intended to provide corrective employment for the able-bodied destitute in tasks such as weaving cloth, it came, like similar establishments elsewhere, to be used as a prison for minor offenders convicted by the magistrates. In the 1770s a workshop and two 'dungeons' were added. It was closed in 1808 and sold in 1817 to Joseph Fletcher, who converted the buildings into dwellings known as Northgate Terrace.

The corporation records also list:


 * Bond in pursuance of an order of the Assembly to Sir John Mainwaring of Peover, bart., in trust for the repayment of £200 without interest by 25 Mar. 1696 to Roger Whitley, then mayor, who lent it to the city for completing payment for the new butcher's shambles.

The shambles turns up again in connection with Flookersbrook field and an investigation by the Charity Commissoners for Chester in their "Report of the Commissioners sent to Chester to enquire into the Charities of the City" (published by John Monk in 1829). In this there is a reference to "the new markets (the present Shambles, about 1828)". It was at this time that, on the initiative of the mayor, Henry Bowers, a new shambles with an adjoining market house for butter was erected north of the Exchange, and a new fish and vegetable market to the south.

The Corn Market & Exchange


Said to be housed in a new building on the west side of Northgate Street in 1556, it was moved to the east side by the bishop's palace in 1574 but after protests from the chapter the building was dismantled in 1576 and reused as the house of correction. A new corn market was erected on the site, but by 1651 had moved further north near Little Abbey Gate. In the earlier 17th century the city remained strongly protectionist towards the corn trade, prohibiting private sales from inns or cellars in 1615, and granting the serjeants-at-mace control of measuring grain sold in open market in the 1620s.

After the Exchange was built in the 1690s the corn market was resited on its northern side, north of the butchers' shambles, but by then the open market in grain was in severe decline. In 1859 a corn exchange was built by seedsman George Chivas on the site of Manchester Hall off Eastgate Street, which had previously been used for cloth goods. Built of red sandstone and Gothic in style, the building included a large top-lit hall entered through a long passage from Eastgate Street, and a range of offices facing the cathedral graveyard, with access from the city walls. It was managed by a committee of ten subscribers and two representatives of the city council and had space for 40 stands; the weekly Saturday corn market lasted until the early 20th century. The building itself, which from the beginning was also used for public meetings, lectures, and exhibitions, as well it seems as the Corn Exchange Cinema and survived until the 1920s but by 1928 had been replaced by a branch of Woolworth's.

Related Pages

 * Chester Market;

Online

 * The Shakespeare Pub;
 * More history;